Algerian Oak (Quercus canariensis)
The Algerian oak is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean region, particularly North Africa and parts of southern Europe. It typically grows between 50 to 80 feet (15 to 24 meters) tall, with a trunk diameter that can exceed 6 feet (1.8 meters). Its lobed, glossy leaves are dark green and often persist through mild winters. In spring, it produces small, inconspicuous flowers that give way to acorns, which mature in autumn.
This oak thrives in moist habitats, including valleys and slopes with fertile, well-drained soils. It often grows alongside other Mediterranean species in mixed forests. Algerian oak plays a vital ecological role, providing food and shelter for diverse wildlife. Its wood, though not highly valued for construction, is commonly used for firewood. The tree is also planted in reforestation projects and as an ornamental species in large gardens and parks.
Photo: Andre Carapeto
Scientific Classification of Algerian Oak
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Clade | Angiosperms |
| Clade | Eudicots |
| Order | Fagales |
| Family | Fagaceae |
| Genus | Quercus |
| Scientific Name | Quercus canariensis |
Photo: Andre Carapeto
Quick Information
| Plant Type | Deciduous or semi-evergreen tree |
| Identification | Height: 50 to 80 feet (15 to 24 meters) Leaves: Lobed, dark green, glossy Stem: Sturdy trunk with rough bark Flowers: Small, yellowish blooms in spring Roots: Deep root system Growth Habit: Upright with a broad canopy Crown: Rounded and spreading |
| Distribution | Native to North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco) and parts of southern Europe (Spain, Portugal) |
| Habitat | Prefers moist valleys, slopes, and areas with fertile, well-drained soils |
| USDA Hardiness Zone | 7 through 10 |
| Growth Rate | Moderate; grows 12 to 24 inches (30 to 60 cm) per year |
| Lifespan | Long-lived; can live for over 150 years |
| Growing Conditions | Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade Soil: Well-drained, fertile soils; tolerates loamy and slightly acidic soils Water: Moderate moisture requirement; thrives in areas with seasonal rainfall |
| Drought Tolerance | Moderate; requires more water than other Mediterranean oaks |
| Diseases | Vulnerable to root rot and oak decline |
| Pests | Susceptible to defoliating caterpillars and bark beetles |
| Reproductive System | Monoecious; produces acorns as seeds |
| Propagation | Primarily through seeds |
| Wildlife Value | Offers food and shelter for birds, mammals, and insects; acorns are a critical food source |
| Uses | Firewood, reforestation, erosion control, and ornamental planting |
| IUCN Conservation Status | Least Concern |