Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Basil, a fragrant and versatile herb, is a staple in Mediterranean cuisine and gardens worldwide. This annual or perennial plant grows between 1 and 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) tall, with bright green, ovate leaves that are smooth and slightly glossy. The plant produces small, white, or purple flowers on spikes, adding an ornamental touch during its growing season.
Basil thrives in warm, sunny environments and requires well-drained, fertile soil. Its shallow root system benefits from consistent watering but does not tolerate waterlogging. Basil is renowned for its aromatic oils, including linalool and eugenol, which give it its distinctive flavor and medicinal properties. It is commonly used fresh or dried in culinary dishes, teas, and essential oils. Its ability to repel certain pests also makes it a popular companion plant in vegetable gardens.
Scientific Classification of Basil
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Clade | Angiosperms |
| Clade | Eudicots |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Lamiaceae |
| Genus | Ocimum |
| Scientific Name | Ocimum basilicum |
Quick Information
| Plant Type | Aromatic herb |
| Identification | Height: 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) Leaves: Bright green, ovate, smooth, slightly glossy, aromatic Stem: Soft, green, and branching Flowers: Small white or purple blooms on terminal spikes Roots: Shallow and fibrous Growth Habit: Upright, bushy form |
| Distribution | Native to tropical regions of Central Africa and Southeast Asia; cultivated worldwide |
| Habitat | Warm, sunny areas with fertile, well-drained soil |
| USDA Hardiness Zone | 10 through 11 (grown as an annual in cooler zones) |
| Growth Rate | Fast |
| Lifespan | Annual or short-lived perennial |
| Growing Conditions | Sunlight: Full sun Soil: Fertile, well-drained, rich in organic matter Water: Moderate, consistent watering without over-saturation |
| Drought Tolerance | Low |
| Diseases | Susceptible to downy mildew, root rot, and fusarium wilt |
| Pests | Aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies |
| Reproductive System | Self-fertile; produces small seeds |
| Propagation | Through seeds or stem cuttings |
| Wildlife Value | Attracts bees and other pollinators |
| Uses | Culinary herb, medicinal remedies, essential oil production, and companion planting |
| IUCN Conservation Status | Not Evaluated |
