Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla or Chamaemelum nobile)
Chamomile is a small, herbaceous plant treasured for its medicinal and aromatic properties. It typically grows 8 to 24 inches (0.2 to 0.6 meters) tall, featuring delicate, feathery leaves and daisy-like flowers with white petals surrounding a yellow center. The plant’s calming scent and therapeutic benefits make it a popular choice for herbal teas, essential oils, and skin treatments.
Native to Europe and western Asia, it thrives in sunny locations with well-drained soils. It grows as an annual (Matricaria chamomilla, or German chamomile) or a perennial (Chamaemelum nobile, or Roman chamomile), depending on the species. Both varieties are widely cultivated for their soothing effects on digestion, sleep, and anxiety. It also attracts pollinators, contributing to a healthy ecosystem. Its resilience and versatility allow it to adapt to various climates and gardens.
Scientific Classification of Chamomile
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Clade | Angiosperms |
| Clade | Eudicots |
| Order | Asterales |
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Genus | Matricaria or Chamaemelum |
| Scientific Name | Matricaria chamomilla (German) or Chamaemelum nobile (Roman) |
Quick Information
| Plant Type | Herbaceous annual (Matricaria chamomilla) or perennial (Chamaemelum nobile) |
| Identification | Height: 8 to 24 inches (0.2 to 0.6 meters) Leaves: Finely divided, feathery, light green Stem: Slender, upright Flowers: Daisy-like, white petals with yellow centers Roots: Fibrous and shallow Growth Habit: Compact and bushy |
| Distribution | Native to Europe and western Asia; widely cultivated globally |
| Habitat | Meadows, sunny fields, and well-drained gardens |
| USDA Hardiness Zone | German chamomile: Annual, suitable for all zones Roman chamomile: Perennial, hardy to zones 4–9 |
| Growth Rate | Fast for annuals, moderate for perennials |
| Lifespan | Annual (German chamomile) or perennial (Roman chamomile) |
| Growing Conditions | Sunlight: Full sun Soil: Well-drained, sandy to loamy Water: Moderate, prefers consistent moisture but tolerates short dry spells |
| Drought Tolerance | Moderate |
| Diseases | Susceptible to fungal diseases like powdery mildew and root rot |
| Pests | Attracts aphids and thrips |
| Reproductive System | Produces seeds; self-seeding |
| Propagation | Through seeds or division |
| Wildlife Value | Attracts bees and butterflies |
| Uses | Herbal teas, essential oils, skincare, and digestive and sleep remedies |
| IUCN Conservation Status | Not Evaluated |
