Smilax aspera (Common Smilax or Mediterranean smilax)
Common smilax is a climbing evergreen vine known for its tough, prickly stems and heart-shaped leaves. This plant can reach up to 16 feet (5 meters) in height, clinging to trees or structures with tendrils. The leaves are glossy, dark green, and have a leathery texture, often with spiny edges. Small, fragrant, yellow-green flowers bloom in late summer to autumn, followed by round, black or red berries that attract birds.
Native to the Mediterranean region, Smilax aspera thrives in diverse environments, including woodlands, scrublands, and along riverbanks. It prefers well-drained soils and can grow in both full sun and partial shade. This hardy plant is valued for its dense growth, which provides excellent cover and habitat for wildlife. It is also used for erosion control and in traditional medicine.
Scientific Classification of Common Smilax
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Clade | Angiosperms |
| Clade | Monocots |
| Order | Liliales |
| Family | Smilacaceae |
| Genus | Smilax |
| Scientific Name | Smilax aspera |
Quick Information
| Plant Type | Evergreen climbing vine |
| Identification | Height: Up to 16 feet (5 meters) Leaves: Heart-shaped, glossy, dark green, leathery, often spiny-edged Stem: Prickly, with tendrils for climbing Flowers: Small, fragrant, yellow-green, blooming late summer to autumn Fruits: Round, black or red berries Roots: Extensive root system Growth Habit: Climbing, dense growth |
| Distribution | Native to the Mediterranean region |
| Habitat | Woodlands, scrublands, riverbanks, well-drained soils |
| USDA Hardiness Zone | Zones 8–10 |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Lifespan | Long-lived perennial |
| Growing Conditions | Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade Soil: Well-drained, rocky, loamy Water: Moderate |
| Drought Tolerance | Moderate |
| Diseases | Resistant to most diseases |
| Pests | Generally pest-free |
| Reproductive System | Dioecious; separate male and female plants |
| Propagation | Seeds, rhizome cuttings |
| Wildlife Value | Provides food and cover for birds and insects |
| Uses | Ornamental, erosion control, traditional medicine |
| IUCN Conservation Status | Not Evaluated |
