Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Coriander is an annual herb cultivated for its leaves and seeds, which serve diverse culinary and medicinal purposes. It grows to a height of 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters), forming slender, green stems topped with delicate, lacy leaves. The plant’s lower leaves are broad and lobed, while the upper leaves are finely dissected. Coriander blooms with small, white to pale pink flowers arranged in flat-topped clusters called umbels, followed by round, aromatic seeds.
Native to regions spanning the Mediterranean and southwest Asia, coriander thrives in sunny locations with fertile, well-drained soils. It grows rapidly and requires consistent moisture to produce lush foliage. While the leaves, known as cilantro, are harvested early, the seeds are collected when the plant matures. Coriander is a staple in global cuisines and a source of essential oils. The plant also supports pollinators, adding value to agricultural ecosystems.
Scientific Classification of Coriander
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Clade | Angiosperms |
| Clade | Eudicots |
| Order | Apiales |
| Family | Apiaceae |
| Genus | Coriandrum |
| Scientific Name | Coriandrum sativum |
Quick Information
| Plant Type | Herbaceous annual |
| Identification | Height: 1 to 2 feet (0.3 to 0.6 meters) Leaves: Broad lobed at base; feathery, lacy near the top Stem: Slender, green Flowers: Small, white to pale pink, in umbels Roots: Fibrous, shallow Growth Habit: Upright and bushy |
| Distribution | Native to the Mediterranean and southwest Asia; widely cultivated globally |
| Habitat | Fertile fields, gardens, and sunny, open areas |
| USDA Hardiness Zone | Grown annually in all zones |
| Growth Rate | Rapid |
| Lifespan | Annual |
| Growing Conditions | Sunlight: Full sun Soil: Well-drained, fertile soils Water: Moderate, consistent moisture needed for foliage growth |
| Drought Tolerance | Low |
| Diseases | Susceptible to powdery mildew and leaf spot |
| Pests | Aphids and spider mites |
| Reproductive System | Produces seeds; self-fertile |
| Propagation | Through seeds |
| Wildlife Value | Attracts pollinators like bees |
| Uses | Leaves (cilantro) for fresh culinary applications, seeds for spice blends and essential oils |
| IUCN Conservation Status | Not Evaluated |
